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id="ag3000m3v" class=TRS_Editor><style type="text/css"> .TRS_Editor P{line-height:1.7;font-family:宋体;font-size:12pt;}.TRS_Editor DIV{line-height:1.7;font-family:宋体;font-size:12pt;}.TRS_Editor TD{line-height:1.7;font-family:宋体;font-size:12pt;}.TRS_Editor TH{line-height:1.7;font-family:宋体;font-size:12pt;}.TRS_Editor SPAN{line-height:1.7;font-family:宋体;font-size:12pt;}.TRS_Editor FONT{line-height:1.7;font-family:宋体;font-size:12pt;}.TRS_Editor UL{line-height:1.7;font-family:宋体;font-size:12pt;}.TRS_Editor LI{line-height:1.7;font-family:宋体;font-size:12pt;}.TRS_Editor A{line-height:1.7;font-family:宋体;font-size:12pt;}</style> <div id="ag3000m3v" class="TRS_Editor"><style type="text/css"> .TRS_Editor P{line-height:1.7;font-family:宋体;font-size:12pt;}.TRS_Editor DIV{line-height:1.7;font-family:宋体;font-size:12pt;}.TRS_Editor TD{line-height:1.7;font-family:宋体;font-size:12pt;}.TRS_Editor TH{line-height:1.7;font-family:宋体;font-size:12pt;}.TRS_Editor SPAN{line-height:1.7;font-family:宋体;font-size:12pt;}.TRS_Editor FONT{line-height:1.7;font-family:宋体;font-size:12pt;}.TRS_Editor UL{line-height:1.7;font-family:宋体;font-size:12pt;}.TRS_Editor LI{line-height:1.7;font-family:宋体;font-size:12pt;}.TRS_Editor A{line-height:1.7;font-family:宋体;font-size:12pt;}</style> <p>　　非洲大蜗牛（<em>Achatina fulica</em> Bowdich），又名褐云玛瑙螺、非洲巨螺、菜螺、花螺，属软体动物门（Mollusca）腹足纲（Gastropoda）柄眼目（Stylommatophora）玛瑙螺科（Achatinidae）玛瑙螺属（<em>Achatina</em>），原发于非洲东部沿岸坦桑尼亚的桑给巴尔、奔巴岛，马达加斯加岛一带。随着引种养殖，已扩散至北美洲、南美洲、非洲、亚洲的60多个国家。现为世界性的检疫有害螺类，主要危害热带和亚热带地区的园林绿化植物和农林作物。20世纪30年代传入我国厦门。2000年世界自然保护联盟（IUCN）将非洲大蜗牛列为世界100种恶性外来入侵物种之一。2022年农业农村部等六部门将其列入《重点管理外来入侵物种名录》。为做好非洲大蜗牛防控工作，保障农业生产安全和农田生态环境安全，特制定本意见。</p> <p><strong>　　一、主要识别特征及分布</strong></p> <p>　　非洲大蜗牛外壳较厚，有光泽，成体壳长一般为5—10cm，最大可超过20cm，外壳通常呈浅棕色，有淡黄色的垂直斑点，颜色深浅可随环境条件和饮食变化。非洲大蜗牛有7—9个螺层，整个螺壳呈圆锥状，壳顶尖，体螺层膨大，高度约占其壳高的3/4，螺层间缝合线较深；壳口呈卵圆形，其可将整个身体缩入壳内。卵椭圆形，色泽乳白或淡青色，卵壳富含碳酸钙，长4.5—7.0mm，宽4.0—5.0mm。</p> <p>　　非洲大蜗牛雌雄同体，异体交配，繁殖能力强。在我国南方，非洲大蜗牛平均寿命5—6年，每年可产卵4次，一生可产卵6000多粒。</p> <p align="center"><img style="border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px" alt="" src="./W020250724582615121873.jpg" oldsrc="W020250724582615121873.jpg" /></p> <p align="center">图1 非洲大蜗牛成螺及卵</p> <p>　　目前主要分布于我国南方的福建、湖北、湖南、广东、广西、海南、四川、贵州、云南以及港澳台等地区。</p> <p><strong>　　二、生活习性</strong></p> <p>　　非洲大蜗牛喜群居，主要分布在南北回归线之间的潮湿温热地带，栖息于阴暗潮湿的草丛、菜园、果园、农田、林地、房屋墙角等隐蔽处，也多出现在腐殖质多而疏松的土壤表层、乱石和枯草堆下。昼伏夜出，常天黑后活动，午夜前达到活动高峰期，次日凌晨返回原栖所或就近隐藏。幼螺主要取食动植物残体、地衣、藻类和真菌等，成螺取食瓜果菜叶、树叶及真菌等，每日摄食量高达自身重量一半。</p> <p><strong>　　三、主要危害</strong></p> <p>　?。ㄒ唬┪：ε┝忠瞪?。非洲大蜗牛摄食能力强、食量大，主要危害瓜果蔬菜、园林绿化植物等，对入侵地农业、林业生产造成极大危害。</p> <p>　?。ǘ┢苹瞪锒嘌?。非洲大蜗牛严重破坏入侵地物种组成和生物多样性，影响入侵地种植作物种类和陆生软体动物种群结构。</p> <p>　?。ㄈ┩踩死嘟】?。非洲大蜗牛是多种人畜共患寄生虫的中间寄主，传播结核病和嗜酸性脑膜炎等疾病的风险较高，影响人类健康。</p> <p align="center"><img style="border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px" alt="" src="./W020250724582615135295.jpg" oldsrc="W020250724582615135295.jpg" /></p> <p align="center">图2 非洲大蜗牛取食蔬菜和绿化植物</p> <p><strong>　　四、防治方法</strong></p> <p>　?。ㄒ唬┡┮捣乐?。及时清理田间及周边杂草、垃圾堆、乱石堆等，减少非洲大蜗牛密度；越冬前整治可降低翌年非洲大蜗?；?。</p> <p>　?。ǘ┪锢矸乐?。组织人员在夜间、清晨或雷雨后蜗牛觅食时或者在其交配季节进行捡拾，捡拾时佩戴橡胶手套或使用垃圾夹等专业工具，结束后应及时洗手，若皮肤有破损应做好防护避免直接接触；也可在非洲大蜗?？赡芤氐牡胤剑斗徘嗖说仁澄锝杏占?，到晚上集中收集处理。</p> <p>　?。ㄈ┗Х乐?。目前常用的药物有6%四聚乙醛颗粒（0.6kg/亩，撒施）和70%杀螺胺（0.05kg/亩，兑水喷雾）等，也可将其制成毒饵进行诱杀，施药时宜选择晴天，傍晚施用效果较好。在晚上非洲大蜗牛爬出觅食时用石灰粉撒施进行毒杀，其中非菜地每平方米使用生石灰0.2kg，菜地每平方米使用熟石灰粉0.2kg，施用时应尽量避免撒在叶片上。此外，也可直接对非洲大蜗牛撒施食盐进行处理。</p> <p>　　（四）检疫防治。加强口岸检疫、国内蔬菜和绿化苗木调运检疫监管，截断非洲大蜗牛传入途径。</p> <p><strong>　　五、注意事项</strong></p> <p>　　注意施药人员安全。杀螺药剂和生石灰对皮肤有强烈刺激作用，施药时应做好人员安全防护措施。</p> </div></div> </div> <div class="ag3000m3v" id="fj" style="font-weight:bold;width:950px;margin-top:40px;font-size:16px;">相关附件：</div> <div class="ag3000m3v" id="fujian" style="width:950px;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;" ></div> <script> var fja=document.getElementById("fujian").innerText; 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